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中国では、耕作地を林地に整備する「退耕還林」政策が、環境対策から気候変動対策に移行しつつある重要な節目を迎えている。生態系保全などの成果があったものの、目的と反する事例も多発し、政策の見直しに迫られているからだ。 　中国人口は２０２１年、14億１２６０万人と過去最高を更新し、１９６０年の2倍に増えた。それに伴い、食料需要に向けた大規模な森林伐採や開墾が進んだ。結果、深刻な土壌流失が発生した。９０年代に実施した第1回全国土地資源調査によると、国土の3分の1に当たる3億６７００万ヘクタールの土壌が流失した。

Summary of two technical reports below to assist due diligence conducted by businesses importing timber and wood products from China. 1) Legislation and Other Initiatives for Legal Timber Trade in China 2) Status of Timber Legality Verification by Business Entities in China

In China, the verification of the legality of procured wood has mainly been voluntary, with businesses exporting wood products to Europe and the U.S. conducting their own checks. However, since the revision of the Forest Law in 2019, the procurement, processing, and transportation of clearly illegally harvested wood is now prohibited, and violators...

The 2019 revision of China's Forest Law explicitly prohibited the handling of timber known to originate from illegal logging. This report analyses the state of implementation of this law based on interviews with some experts in China including government officers, an industry association and NGOs, as well as seminars, various websites, and...

1. 背景と本調査の問い 2. 中国における木材需給の概況 3. 違法伐採に対する2019年改正森林法の規定とその運用 4. 中国の木材関連事業者の合法性確認の取組状況 5. まとめと中国からの輸入事業者への示唆

Evidence of legal harvest is becoming necessary for all timber importers in Japan following the enactment of the Clean Wood Act in 2016. Because of the complex supply chain with numerous players and the absence of TLAS, securement of the evidence for timber imported from China is generally considered challenging by Japanese importers. However, some...

Expansion of the Gobi desert is severely impacting the agricultural livelihoods of farmers in China and is affecting the wider environment due to transboundary dust storms. The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TNSFP), launched in 1978, has halted desert expansion through an ecological engineering programme of mass afforestation spanning 27.6...

While the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are broadly framed with 17 goals, the goals and their targets inherently connect with each other forming a complex system. Actions supporting one goal may influence progress in other goals, either positively (synergies) or negatively (trade-offs). Effective managing the synergies and trade-offs is a...

The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) has launched an interactive online tool to assess how the observed and projected changes in river basins relate to various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their associated targets, from both a spatial and temporal perspective. The Interactive SDG Tool for River Basins is the outcome...

Increasing resilience to natural hazards and climate change is critical for achieving many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In recent decades, China has experienced rapid economic development and became the second-largest economy in the world. This rapid economic expansion has led to large-scale changes in terrestrial (e.g., land use and land...