United Nations Environment Programme

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2019年3月

Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6): Summary for Policymakers

The Global Environment Outlook (GEO) is the result of a consultative and participatory process to prepare an independent assessment of the state of the environment, the effectiveness of the policy response in addressing environmental challenges and the possible pathways to achieving various internationally agreed environmental goals. The GEO is a...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Introduction and Context

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

Providing a decent life and well-being for nearly 10 billion1 people by 2050, without further compromising the ecological limits of our planet and its benefits, is one of the most serious challenges and responsibilities humanity has ever faced. People worldwide rely on the smooth functioning of Earth’s natural life-support systems, in different...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

A Long Term Vision for 2050

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

An analysis of pathways towards sustainable development needs a long-term vision. Ideally, such a vision is summarized in a quantitative set of globally agreed key objectives or targets. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in September 2015, conceptualizes sustainable development through 17 SDGs and is further operationalized...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Approach to Assessment of Policy Effectiveness

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

This chapter introduces Part B of GEO-6: Policies, Goals, Objectives and Environmental Governance: An Assessment of Their Effectiveness.

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Policy Theory and Practice

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

The importance of good policy design cannot be overstressed. Some common elements are: i. setting a long-term vision and avoiding crisis-mode policy decisions, through inclusive, participatory design processes; ii. establishing a baseline, quantified targets and milestones; iii. conducting ex ante and ex post cost–benefit or costeffectiveness...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Air Policy

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

The composition of Earth’s atmosphere is one of the major determinants of a healthy planet, influencing the climate, ecosystems and human health. This is highlighted by the existence of a direct or indirect link between the challenges of air pollution, climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Land and Soil Policy

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current Land and Soil policy framework and the related shortcomings, especially in terms of policy cohesion and implementation, as well as overall effectiveness. The subsequent sections present case studies of different sets of legal and policy instruments, economic tools and incentives, as well...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Freshwater Policy

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

Various policy approaches show that water quantity and quality have serious implications for human and ecosystem health, and that these interactions are driven by changes in multiple sectors. Governance is increasingly opened up to non-State actors, such as the private sector and civil society. Decision-making thus needs to consider the full range...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Systemic Policy Approaches for Cross-cutting Issues

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

This chapter evaluates the capacity of environmental policies to achieve transformational change in addressing cross-cutting global sustainable development challenges. To this end, the chapter addresses the major challenges of adapting socioeconomic systems to climate change, creating a sustainable agricultural and food production system...

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2019年3月

2019年3月

Conclusions on Policy Effectiveness

Global Environment Outlook - GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People所収

This chapter presents a set of conclusions for Part B of the sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6), reached through the findings of the previous chapters about policy effectiveness (Chapters 10-17). It summarizes for policymakers what is known to work best and why, including a synthesized discussion of the limitations of the evidence available...